tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49653349664258989682024-03-13T01:21:20.483-07:00LEARNINGahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comBlogger80125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-2956699232456966822010-03-12T04:49:00.000-08:002012-06-28T08:58:28.610-07:00Power Supply negatif dari tegangan positif
Op amps sangat berguna. Tapi salah satu kelemahan utama mereka adalah kebutuhan pasokan ganda. Ini serius membatasi aplikasi mereka dalam bidang di mana pasokan ganda tidak terjangkau atau tidak praktis.
Sirkuit ini memecahkan masalah sampai batas tertentu. Ini memberikan tegangan negatif dari catu positif tunggal. Ini tegangan negatif bersama dengan pasokan positif dapat digunakan ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-11176857213800538372010-03-12T04:47:00.001-08:002012-06-28T08:59:26.891-07:00switching Power Supply tunggal
Salah satu fitur utama dari sirkuit diatur listrik yang disajikan adalah bahwa meskipun tetap tegangan regulator LM7805 digunakan di sirkuit, tegangan output adalah variabel. Hal ini dicapai dengan menghubungkan potensiometer antara terminal umum dari IC regulator dan tanah. Untuk setiap kenaikan 100-ohm nilai di-sirkuit perlawanan potensiometer VR1, kenaikan ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-76569931437823491672010-03-12T04:46:00.001-08:002012-06-28T08:54:34.992-07:00Regulator penurun tegangan rendah linier
Rangkaian adalah MOSFET berdasarkan regulator tegangan linier dengan penurunan tegangan terendah 60 mV pada 1 ampere. Setetes milivolt lebih sedikit mungkin dengan MOSFET lebih baik memiliki lebih rendah RDS (on) perlawanan. Rangkaian pada Gambar. 1 menggunakan 15V-0-15V sekunder dari transformator step down dan mempekerjakan sebuah MOSFET saluran-n IRF 540 untuk mendapatkan output 12V DCahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-66700683182405908742010-03-12T04:45:00.000-08:002012-06-28T09:02:43.011-07:00Stabiliser tegangan listrik
tegangan cut-out akan menghemat peralatan mahal Anda listrik dan elektronik dari efek yang merugikan dari tegangan listrik sangat tinggi dan sangat rendah. Sirkuit ini memiliki ulang otomatis dan menggunakan komponen yang mudah tersedia. Itu membuat penggunaan pembanding tersedia di dalam IC 555 timer. Pasokan disadap dari berbagai sudut sirkuit power supply untuk relay dan kontrol ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-12710818832729808392010-03-12T04:44:00.000-08:002012-06-28T09:05:42.516-07:00Stabiliser tegangan pada power suara
Variasi tegangan dan pemadaman listrik mempengaruhi berbagai alat tersebut seperti TV, VCR, sistem musik dan lemari es. Rangkaian sederhana akan melindungi peralatan mahal dari tinggi serta tegangan rendah dan tegangan surge (ketika kekuatan resume). Hal ini juga memberikan sebuah lagu merdu ketika daya listrik kembali. Ketika listrik tegangan normal, tegangan DC pada katoda dari dioda ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-52258066783448707762010-03-12T04:42:00.001-08:002012-06-28T09:08:15.376-07:00Power suply tegangan tinggi
Sebuah pasokan listrik tegangan tinggi adalah sumber yang sangat berguna yang dapat secara efektif digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi seperti biasing gas discharge tabung dan detektor radiasi dll seperti power supply juga dapat digunakan untuk perlindungan atas kekayaan dengan listrik pengisian dari pagar. Berikut kebutuhan saat ini adalah urutan dari beberapa microamps. Dalam aplikasi tersebutahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-68454472748329221552010-03-12T04:41:00.000-08:002012-06-28T09:09:55.649-07:00Charger Accu mobil sederhana
Sirkuit ini sangat sederhana menggunakan transformator, dua dioda, kapasitor dan sebuah ammeter.
Untuk mengisi baterai hanya menghubungkan + dan - terminal dari rangkaian ke terminal yang sesuai dari baterai.
Bila daya baterai sudah tidak dikenakan biaya, pembacaan ammeter menunjukkan ampli 1-3.
Setelah baterai terisi penuh ammeter membaca nol atau hampir nol, setelah baterai harus dikeluarkanahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-16898661904140278432010-03-12T04:39:00.001-08:002010-11-17T23:39:09.229-08:007 segment rolling display using PC It is very interesting and convenient to be able to control everything while sitting at your PC terminal. Here, a simple hardware circuit and software is used to interface a 7-segment based rolling display. The printer port of a PC provides a set of points with some acting as input lines and some others as output lines. Some lines are open collector type which can be used as input lines. ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-41174575846554544722010-03-12T04:38:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:39:40.545-08:00PC based Frequency MeterHere is a simple technique for measuring frequencies over quite a wide frequency range and with acceptable accuracy limits using a PC. It follows the basic technique of measuring low frequencies, i.e. at low frequency, period is measured for a complete wave and frequency is calculated from the measured time-period. Cascaded binary counters are used for converting the high-frequency signals into ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-61755187407011090982010-03-12T04:36:00.001-08:002010-11-17T23:40:00.642-08:00Simple Analog to Digital ConverterNormally analogue-to-digital con-verter (ADC) needs interfacing through a microprocessor to convert analogue data into digital format. This requires hardware and necessary software, resulting in increased complexity and hence the total cost.
The circuit of A-to-D converter shown here is configured around ADC 0808, avoiding the use of a microprocessor. The ADC 0808 is an 8-bit A-to-D converter, ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-43849820508246022572010-03-12T04:34:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:40:31.767-08:00Sawtooth wave generatorSawtooth wave generators using opamp are very common. But the disadvantage is that it requires a bipolar power supply.
A sawtooth wave generator can be built using a simple 555 timer IC and a transistor as shown in the circuit diagram.The working of the circuit can be explained as follows:
The part of the circuit consisting of the capacitor C, transistor,zener diode and the resistors form a ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-43506883181643924762010-03-12T04:33:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:40:45.892-08:00Simple variable frequency oscillatorThis is a very simple circuit utilising a 555 timer IC to generate square wave of frequency that can be adjusted by a potentiometer.
With values given the frequency can be adjusted from a few Hz to several Khz.
To get very low frequencies replace the 0.01uF capacitor with a higher value.The formula to calculate the frequency is given by:1/f = 0.69 * C * ( R1 + 2*R2)
The duty cycle is given by:% ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-87740312887185417192010-03-12T04:31:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:41:18.167-08:00Discrete component motor direction controllerThis circuit can control a small DC motor, like the one in a tape recorder. When both the points A & B are "HIGH" Q1 and Q2 are in saturation. Hence the bases of Q3 to Q6 are grounded. Hence Q3,Q5 are OFF and Q4,Q6 are ON . The voltages at both the motor terminals is the same and hence the motor is OFF. Similarly when both A and B are "LOW" the motor is OFF.
When A is HIGH and B is LOW, Q1 ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-59768341898679295362010-03-12T04:30:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:41:37.308-08:00Super simple stepper motor controller
The circuit shown above can be used to control a unipolar stepper motor which has FOUR coils (I've swiped it off an old fax machine). The above circuit can be for a motor current of up to about 500mA per winding with suitable heat sinks for the SL100. For higher currents power transistors like 2N3055 can be used as darlington pair along with SL100. The diodes are used to protect the ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-23688189575646306262010-03-12T04:28:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:42:03.304-08:00Discrete component motor direction controller This circuit can control a small DC motor, like the one in a tape recorder. When both the points A & B are "HIGH" Q1 and Q2 are in saturation. Hence the bases of Q3 to Q6 are grounded. Hence Q3,Q5 are OFF and Q4,Q6 are ON . The voltages at both the motor terminals is the same and hence the motor is OFF. Similarly when both A and B are "LOW" the motor is OFF.
When A is HIGH and B is LOWahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-18354686362636180172010-03-12T04:25:00.000-08:002010-11-17T23:42:30.493-08:00Automatic Speed Controller for fans & CoolersDuring summer nights, the temperature is initially quite high. As time passes, the temperature starts dropping. Also, after a person falls asleep, the metabolic rate of one�s body decreases. Thus, initially the fan/cooler needs to be run at full speed. As time passes, one has to get up again and again to adjust the speed of the fan or the cooler.The device presented here makes the fan run at fullahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-10245269966388034952010-03-08T02:46:00.001-08:002010-11-17T05:25:04.523-08:00Alternating Flasher
This circuit uses three easily available 555 timer ICs. All three work as astable multivibrators. The first 555 has an on period and off period equal to 1 sec. This IC controls the on/ off periods of the other 2 555s which are used to flash two bulbs through the relay contacts.
The flashing occurs at a rate of 4 flashes per second.
The diodes are used to protect the 555 ICs from peaks. The ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-87139605931025603782010-03-08T02:43:00.001-08:002010-11-17T05:27:11.830-08:00Dancing Lights
Here is a simple circuit which can be used for decoration purposes or as an indicator. Flashing or dancing speed of LEDs can be adjusted and various dancing patterns of lights can be formed.
The circuit consists of two astable multivibrators. One multivibrator is formed by transistors T1 and T2 while the other astable multivibrator is formed by T3 and T4. Duty cycle of each multivibrator can beahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-78542244314252104412010-03-08T02:41:00.001-08:002010-11-17T05:49:48.291-08:00Switch using a single Chip
Using dual flip-flop IC CD4027 employ a 555 based monostable circuit to supply input clock pulses. The circuit described here obviates this requirement. One of the two flip-flops within IC CD4027 itself acts as square wave shaperahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-50589519807733693262010-03-08T02:39:00.000-08:002010-11-17T05:53:06.503-08:00Christmas Star
This circuit can be used to construct an attractive Christmas Star. When we switch on this circuit, the brightness of lamp L1 gradually increases. When it reaches the maximum brightness level, the brightness starts decreasing gradually. And when it reaches the minimum brightness level, it again increases automatically. This cycle repeats. The increase and decrease of brightness of bulb L1 ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-34338067199885571582010-03-08T02:36:00.001-08:002010-11-02T06:11:00.886-07:00Running Message Display<!--
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Light emitting diodes are advan- tageous due to their smaller size, low current consumption and catchy colours they emit. Here is a running message display circuit wherein the letters formed by LED arrangement light up progressively. Once all ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-91460714192998782002010-03-08T02:34:00.000-08:002010-11-17T05:57:15.113-08:00Automatic Room Lights
An ordinary automatic room power control circuit has only one light sensor. So when a person enters the room it gets one pulse and the lights come on. When the person goes out it gets another pulse and the lights go off. But what happens when two persons enter the room, one after the other? It gets two pulses and the lights remain in off state. The circuit described here overcomes the ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-79876123789594072772010-03-08T02:32:00.000-08:002010-11-17T06:01:25.233-08:00Emergency Light
The circuit of automatic emergency light presented here has the following features: 1. When the mains supply (230V AC) is available, it charges a 12V battery up to 13.5V and then the battery is disconnected from the charging section. 2. When the battery discharges up to 10.2V, it is disconnected from the load and the charging process is resumed. 3. If the mains voltage is available and there isahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-70625096245592783192010-03-08T02:30:00.000-08:002010-11-17T06:04:31.110-08:00Automatic Dual output Display
This circuit lights up ten bulbs sequentially, first in one direc- tion and then in the opposite direction, thus presenting a nice visual effect. In this circuit, gates N1 and N2 form an oscillator. The output of this oscillator is used as a clock for BCD up/down counter CD4510 (IC2). Depending on the logic state at its pin 10, the counter counts up or down. During count up operation, pin 7 of ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4965334966425898968.post-41057153938748862182010-03-07T21:02:00.000-08:002010-11-17T06:07:58.683-08:00Pot plant water tester electronic
This simple device checks if their is water in a pot plant. You stick the two probes(paperclips)into the pot plant and if the LED lights, it means there is water in the pot plant.You need to adjust the 47k potentiometer to set the level at which the LED goes on.ahmad-muzakkihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07123789349123674923noreply@blogger.com